Abstract
The aim of this study was to application of some single and integrated index equation to assess heavy metal in different soil within Erbil governorate. The 15 different locations (Bahare new, Newroz, New Hawler, Hesarok, Azadi1, Zen city, Atconz city, Pank village, Binaslawa, Darato, Qushtapa, Shaways, Kasnazan, Bahirka, Pirzin) were specifically selected to identify the effects of traffic activities on soil properties. Different heavy metal distribution patterns (As, Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn) were determined from distance 5, 25, 50m roadside. Soil pollution was assessed using many indices including: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), Ecological Risk Factor and Potential Ecological Risk Index.The results showed that concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn in street dust ranged from (4.60, 1.80, 217.83, 62.14 and 215.18) mg.kg-1 which recorded in Qushtapa, Kasnazan, Atconze city, Hasarok5 and Zen city respectively. The contamination factor and degree of contamination of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Cu ,and Zn of soil samples was indicating considerable contamination factor for Qushtapa moderate contamination factor for Kasnazan, while Atconze city, Hasarok5, Zen city showed very high contamination factor, while degree of contamination considerable low degree of contamination. According to the ecological risk factor and RI results Qwshtapa was indicate as low potential ecological risk, Kasnazan had moderate potential ecological risk while Hasarok5 and Zen city considerable high potential ecological risk, except Atconze considerable very high ecological risk, on the other hand for RI index shown considerable very high ecological risk recorded in Hasarok 5 soil samples.
Highlights
Soil is the basis of all agroecosystems; it is an important part of the Earth
Mineral filler materials in road surfaces contain different heavy metal species, which can be transported into the road-side soils by atmospheric precipitation or road runoff, the bio-availability and environmental mobility of the metals are dependent upon the form in which the metal was associated with the soil, those metals could been directly harm public health by entering the body via soil, dust and through the food chain
The result were similar to those recorded by Sripathy (19) which, reported that road-side heavy metal concentration was influenced by multiple factors, including traffic properties, highway characteristics, road-side terrain, road-side distance, rainfall and wind direction, etc., normally the heavy metal content in roadside soils have a belt-shaped distribution in terms of distance to the road edge, increasing/decreasing exponentially with distance from the road
Summary
Soil is the basis of all agroecosystems; it is an important part of the Earth. Most of soils were endangered with various types of erosion and pollution. It is well established that a variety of motor vehicles introduce a number of toxic metals into the environment, most of which are released adjacent to roadways Their concentration in the soil is a major concern because of their toxicity and threat to human life and the environment. This study is aimed to investigating the possible problems of pollution with heavy metals deposited from the different location of road side of Erbil city.
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