Abstract
As the contemporary phenomenon of school bullying has become more widespread, diverse, and frequent among adolescents in Korea, social big data may offer a new methodological paradigm for understanding the trends of school bullying in the digital era. This study identified Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and Future Signals of 177 school bullying forms to understand the current and future bullying experiences of adolescents from 436,508 web documents collected between 1 January 2013, and 31 December 2017. In social big data, sexual bullying rapidly increased, and physical and cyber bullying had high frequency with a high rate of growth. School bullying forms, such as “group assault” and “sexual harassment”, appeared as Weak Signals, and “cyber bullying” was a Strong Signal. Findings considering five school bullying forms (verbal, physical, relational, sexual, and cyber bullying) are valuable for developing insights into the burgeoning phenomenon of school bullying.
Highlights
The changing pace of school bullying is as rapid as the pace of modern society, making it difficult to predict the evolving forms used in school bullying
More diverse and complex forms of school bullying have been observed, as digital native adolescents spend a typical day with peers in both offline and online environments and peer interactions are no longer limited by time and space [3]
Answering the following research questions, this study aimed to describe the present state of school bullying forms and address the further insights for forthcoming school bullying issues: (1) What are the important keywords of school bullying forms in social big data between 2013 and 2017? (2) What are the Future Signals of school bullying forms as detected by social big data?
Summary
The changing pace of school bullying is as rapid as the pace of modern society, making it difficult to predict the evolving forms used in school bullying. South Korea (hereafter Korea), in particular, which has experienced remarkable changes in school bullying forms. From 2014 to 2017, there has been a decreasing trend in verbal and relational bullying but a relative increase in sexual bullying, cyber bullying, and other unclassified forms of bullying [2]. More diverse and complex forms of school bullying have been observed, as digital native adolescents spend a typical day with peers in both offline and online environments and peer interactions are no longer limited by time and space [3]. When digital native bullies assault victims physically or sexually offline, for example, they broadcast the live bullying scene or post pictures of the victim’s appalling injuries on social network services (SNS) to mock the victim as a form of secondary attack
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