Abstract
Total suspended solids (TSS) is one of the key parameters in water quality monitoring. TSS dynamics off the seas of Bodri River can be observed using Sentinel-2. This research validates Wirasatriya and Laili's algorithm and redevelops a TSS retrieval algorithm based on in situ TSS and Sentinel-2 reflectance (Rrs). During the satellite's passing time, water sampling for TSS was conducted at 64 stations at a depth of 0.5m in October 2023. Bottom of Atmosphere (BoA) Rrs data were obtained from SNAP software, which had previously performed image cropping and resampling. Rrs data from all bands were initially correlated with in situ TSS. The validation results of Wirasatriya and Laili's algorithms obtained very high of RMSE values reaching 272.23 mg/L and 33.08 mg//L. While the results of generating the algorithm produced better the performance of the algorithmic model with RMSE = 7.34 mg/L, MAPE = 14.24%, and bias = 0.99. The development of the algorithms in the study based on the green band (B3) resulted in the equation: TSS (mg/L) = 4.6698exp10.609∗B3, which was further used for temporal mapping. High TSS was found in nearshore areas and river mouths influenced by shallow waters. Temporally, high TSS was found in October (55.65 mg/L) and low in May (11 mg/L). The temporal variation pattern is influenced by precipitation and tides. The findings of this algorithm are very important for analyzing the evolution of land accretion in the Bodri River estuary and as a review for land management in upland areas and can be used to monitor other shallow areas.
Published Version
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