Abstract
The advent of satellite rainfall products can provide a solution to the scarcity of observed rainfall data. The present study aims to evaluate the performance of high spatial-temporal resolution satellite rainfall products (SRPs) and rain gauge data in hydrological modelling and flood inundation mapping. Four SRPs, Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) - Early, - Late (IMERG-E, IMERG-L), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation-Near Real Time (GSMaP-NRT), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks- Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) and rain gauge data were used as the primary input to a hydrological model, Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation (RRI) and the simulated flood level and runoff were compared with the observed data using statistical metrics. GSMaP showed the best performance in simulating hourly runoff with the lowest relative bias (RB) and the highest Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 4.9% and 0.79, respectively. Meanwhile, the rain gauge data was able to produce runoff with −12.2% and 0.71 for RB and NSE, respectively. The other three SRPs showed acceptable results in daily discharge simulation (NSE value between 0.42 and 0.49, and RB value between −23.3% and −31.2%). The generated flood map also agreed with the published information. In general, the SRPs, particularly the GSMaP, showed their ability to support rapid flood forecasting required for early warning of floods.
Highlights
Flood is the most damaging natural disaster in Malaysia causing massive economic destruction with an average annual loss of approximately 1.271 million USD based on EM-DAT database [1].Heavy rain during the northeastern monsoon (November to January) affect the states of Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang in the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Floods in Malaysia is afrom regular disaster, especially seasons which is shape)
This test used to determine if averaged rainfall at upstream of Kelantan basin
Summary
Flood is the most damaging natural disaster in Malaysia causing massive economic destruction with an average annual loss of approximately 1.271 million USD based on EM-DAT database [1].Heavy rain during the northeastern monsoon (November to January) affect the states of Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang in the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Flood is the most damaging natural disaster in Malaysia causing massive economic destruction with an average annual loss of approximately 1.271 million USD based on EM-DAT database [1]. Series of heavy rainfall episodes often causes severe floods in the region. The destructive flood of Kelantan in December 2014 caused an estimated loss of about 2.8 billion ringgit (685 million USD) with 151,072 victims and ten deaths [2]. This extreme inundation event called the Kelantan Big Yellow Flood because of heavy mud content in the floodwater. Many upstream stations experienced rainfall events with average recurrence interval (ARI) near or above 100 years and several
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