Abstract
Glutamate plays an important role in different cellular processes. Its new applications in various industries have led to an increase in the production of it while fermentation is a very important economically method. In this study, the production of glutamate by the wild type of Corynebacterium glutamicum PTCC(Persian Type Culture Collection) 1532 was optimized using RSM.Central Composite Design (CCD) was developed by Design-Expert software version 12.0.3.0 (dx-12, State-Ease Inc.) to evaluate the effect of four important variables in five levels on glutamate production. TLC was employed to evaluate glutamate in medium qualitatively and then quantitative estimation was done by HPLC.Normal probability analysis demonstrated that data has a normal distribution. The results of ANOVA analysis showed that the urea concentration both alone and with temperature is the most effective variable in the fermentation process. Based on the quadratic model obtained in CCD, temperature 30 °C; glucose 9 g.dL−1; biotin 9 μg.L−1 and urea concentration of 0.3 g.dL−1 were found optimum conditions with a predicted glutamate production of 19.84 mg.mL−1 with desirable level 1.Therefore RSM can be an effective method to optimize glutamate production and the findings of this study are a guideline for the other amino acids fermentation by C. glutamicum.
Highlights
Glutamic acid (Glu) was discovered in 1866 by the German chemist Karl Heinrich Ritthausenas
Glu has a linear backbone with two carboxyl groups and a net negative charge at physiological pH and is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body [1]
Glu acts as the precursor to other amino acids and biological molecules but plays an important role in cellular processes such as intracellular signaling, nitrogen metabolism, energy production, intracellular signaling and cell wall synthesis [2]
Summary
Glutamic acid (Glu) was discovered in 1866 by the German chemist Karl Heinrich Ritthausenas. Glu has a linear backbone with two carboxyl groups and a net negative charge at physiological pH and is one of the most abundant amino acids in the human body [1]. Glu acts as the precursor to other amino acids and biological molecules (glutathione, adrenalin, acetyl choline) but plays an important role in cellular processes such as intracellular signaling, nitrogen metabolism, energy production, intracellular signaling and cell wall synthesis [2]. The body uses glutamate to produce GABA (γ-amino butyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter that participate in learning and muscle contraction. Glutamate receptors are present on immune cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells), which suggests that glutamate plays a role in both the innate and adaptive immune system [6]. Glu can be safely used in pharmaceutical applications for improvement of intestine function [4], as a dietary supplement for patients and elderly people with malnutrition, in animal nutrition and making artificial leather [7]
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