Abstract
The objective of this study is to compare various changes of ecological parameters within time period prior petroleum activities and after facilities establishment in Bongor basin. Analysis of landsat 7 images from March 24 to April 5, 2000 and that of landsat 8 from February 13, 2015, before and after oil operations respectively, made it possible to extract four biophysical indices, namely: brightness index of soil, moisture index, greenness index and vegetation index. Maps of land use, hydrology and pedology were established from the analysis of multispectral parameters variations. Significant variations between two study periods were then evaluated to be either increasing, declining or stable over the entire Bongor basin and in the areas of the basin under operations. It appears that, shrub savanna has declined by 15.75% over the entire Bongor basin and by 18.90% in the areas of oil operations in Bongor basin. Floodplain and the water body have also declined by 1.59% and 0.0007% respectively over the whole Bongor basin and loss of paddy field. Agricultural area has increased by 15.15% in Bongor basin and by 14.40% in the operations area of Bongor basin, with industrial area occupying 4.49% and the expansion of urbanized area of 0.01%. Silting up of flood zone over the entire Bongor basin has increased by 0.35%. Areas under oil operations, illustrate impacts of activities on soil, trees and groundwater.
Highlights
Remote sensing is a reliable tool for monitoring various changes in land cover using satellite data
Year 2000 (Figure 2), shows that savannas in general and agricultural areas occupy respectively more than 70% and 25.47% of the area in Bongor basin
Remote sensing is an important tool for assessing impacts of various activities and the complexity of oil facilities in the Bongor basin
Summary
Remote sensing is a reliable tool for monitoring various changes in land cover using satellite data. Assessment of petroleum activities and facilities damages on groundwater and the environment through the application of remote sensing, is considered an interesting method [16] This tool facilitates mapping of inaccessible areas by reducing costly field surveys; it is true especially when acquiring data in arid and semi-arid areas where vegetation cover varies and mineralogical properties of soil surface and /or parental material are not completely covered by vegetation [11]. This aspect of research consists of acquiring and processing data and satellite images for the production of land use maps before and after oil exploitation. On the basis of preliminary surveys, coupled with information from literature reviews, data processing and satellite images, the identification and evaluation of possible impacts of petroleum activities and facilities on environment and on aquifer formations were carried out in this study
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