Abstract
The presence of non-metallic inclusions (NMI) such as sulphides and oxides may be detrimental to the control of the steel casting process and product quality. The need for their identification and characterization is, therefore, urgent. This study uses time-gated Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of synthetic duplex oxide-sulphide phases that contain CaS and the oxide phases of Al2O3, CA, C12A7, C3A, and MgO·Al2O3 (MA). Binary phase samples of CaS–MA, C3A–CaS, C12A7–CaS, Al2O3–CaS, and MA–CaS were prepared with varying phase contents. The relative intensities of the Raman peaks were used to estimate the samples’ phase content. For a quantitative estimation, linear regression calibration models were used to evaluate the change in phase content in the samples. The most suitable Raman peak ratios had mean absolute error (MAE) values ranging from 3 to 7 wt. % for the external validation error, and coefficients of determination (R2) values between 0.94 and 0.98. This study demonstrated the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of the calcium sulphide, magnesium aluminate spinel, Al2O3, and calcium aluminate phases of CA, C3A, and C12A7 in a duplex oxide-sulphide system, and it offers potential for inclusion characterization in steel.
Highlights
The calcium treatment for aluminum-killed steels is commonly used to modify non-metallic inclusion (NMI) such as Al2 O3 to less detrimental inclusions [1,2]
This study examined the applicability of Raman spectroscopy to characterize synthetic duplex oxide-sulphide inclusions consisting of calcium aluminate, the sulphide binary phases of CaO·Al2 O3 (CA)–calcium sulphide (CaS), C12A7–CaS, and C3A–CaS
This study contributes to the applicability of Raman spectroscopy to non-metallic inclusion characterization with a current focus on how to quantify duplex oxide-sulphide inclusions
Summary
The calcium treatment for aluminum-killed steels is commonly used to modify non-metallic inclusion (NMI) such as Al2 O3 to less detrimental inclusions [1,2]. The utilization of Raman spectroscopy as a characterization technique may perform better than conventional methods when comparing the duration for sample preparation and the acquisition of measurement results Phases such as Al2 O3 , MgO·Al2 O3 , C12A7, CA, C3A, and CaS have been measured and demonstrated to be Raman active [11,12,13,14,15]. The authors’ previous studies focused on the use of Raman spectroscopy for characterizing calcium-aluminate (CaO-Al2 O3 ) inclusions [17] and calcium aluminate–spinel (MgAl2 O4 ) [18] in a binary system These studies were limited to only oxides, and the application of Raman spectroscopy for characterizing potential detrimental sulphide inclusions such as CaS associated with oxides were not studied. Characterization of Al2 O3 –CaS and MgO·Al2 O3 –CaS samples was studied
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
