Abstract
Calculations of thermodynamic and radiative characteristics of hot dense plasmas within different quantum-statistical approaches, such as the use of the Hartree–Fock–Slater model and the ion model, are presented. Calculated equations of state of different substances are used to investigate findings from absolute and relative measurements of the compressibility of solid aluminum samples in strong shock waves. It is shown that our calculated Hugoniot adiabat of aluminum is in a good agreement with experimental data and other theoretical results from first principles. We also present a review of the most important applications of the quantum-statistical approach to the study of radiative properties of hot dense plasmas. It includes the optimization problem of hohlraum wall materials for laser inertial fusion, calculations of the radiative efficiency of complex materials for optically thin plasma in X-pinch, modeling of radiative and gas-dynamic processes in plasma for experiments, where both intense laser and heavy ion beams are used, and temperature diagnostics for X- and Z-pinch plasmas.
Highlights
Active experimental and theoretical research on the thermodynamic and radiative properties of hot dense plasma has been carried out during recent years to reach a deeper understanding of the physical processes, which occur when matter goes into a high energy density state.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Such a state can be obtained by the use of explosive generators of intense shock waves,[12,13,14] magnetically accelerated flyers,[15,16] high power laser pulses interacting with targets or hohlraum walls in laser inertial fusion experiments,[17,18,19,20,21] as well as exploding wires at X- and Z-pinches,[22,23,24,25,26,27] and high-energy particle beams produced by an accelerator.[28,29,30,31,32]
One can conclude that physical approximations, which are used to provide the solutions of equations in the TF, Thomas–Fermi with corrections (TFC), HFS, detailed configuration accounting (DCA), and detailed level-accounting (DLA) models, considerably restrict the range of plasma parameters, temperature and density, over which these models can provide good enough results
Summary
Active experimental and theoretical research on the thermodynamic and radiative properties of hot dense plasma has been carried out during recent years to reach a deeper understanding of the physical processes, which occur when matter goes into a high energy density state.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] Such a state can be obtained by the use of explosive generators of intense shock waves,[12,13,14] magnetically accelerated flyers,[15,16] high power laser pulses interacting with targets or hohlraum walls in laser inertial fusion experiments,[17,18,19,20,21] as well as exploding wires at X- and Z-pinches,[22,23,24,25,26,27] and high-energy particle beams produced by an accelerator.[28,29,30,31,32] Before adoption of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996, a large set of experimental data produced using underground nuclear explosions had been collected.[33–37]. Basic theoretical study of these physical processes has to include important components, namely gas-dynamics, photon transport processes, the equation of state, and radiative opacity of hot dense matter.[38]. It should be noted that the radiative opacity as well as equation of state represent especially important parts of this study.[39–42]. To construct the equation of state of matter for a wide range of temperatures and densities, the Hartree–Fock–Slater (HFS) model[43] has been successfully used. An equation of state calculated within the HFS model is applied to study the compressibility of condensed matter in strong shock waves. A review of the most important results is presented in this paper
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