Application of Quantitative Parameters of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Common Benign and Malignant Lesions in Pediatric Livers: A Preliminary Study.

Abstract

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for benign and malignant liver lesions in pediatric patients. This was a single-center retrospective analysis of children with liver lesions who underwent CEUS at our hospital between July 2019 and February 2023. The CEUS perfusion patterns for all lesions were qualitatively analyzed using histopathology, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, or long-term clinical follow-up as reference standards. The CEUS images were quantitatively analyzed using SonoLiver® software (TomTec Imaging Systems, Munich, Germany) to obtain data regarding quantitative parameters and dynamic vascular pattern (DVP) parametric images, including rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (mTT), and maximum intensity (IMAX). Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's t-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of quantitative parameters. A total of 53 pediatric cases were included in this study, and 88.57% (31/35) of malignant lesions exhibited hyper-enhancement with rapid washout patterns; the same proportion of DVP parametric images exhibited washout patterns. Conversely, 94.44% (17/18) of benign lesions showed hyper-enhancement with slow washout patterns, and the same proportion of DVP parametric images showed no-washout patterns. RT, TTP, and mTT were significantly shorter in the malignant group than in the benign group (p < 0.05), while IMAX showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). ROC analysis indicated that mTT < 113.34 had the highest diagnostic value, with an area under the curve of 0.82. CEUS quantitative analysis had an accuracy of 98.11%, while qualitative analysis had an accuracy of 92.45%, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Quantitative analysis of CEUS provides valuable assistance in differentiating benign and malignant liver lesions in children. Among all quantitative parameters, mTT holds promise as a potentially valuable tool for identifying liver tumors.