Abstract
Fusarium proliferatum is an important pathogen and causes a great economic loss to fruit industry. Environmental pH-value plays a regulatory role in fungi pathogenicity, however, the mechanism needs further exploration. In this study, F. proliferatum was cultured under two initial pH conditions of 5 and 10. No obvious difference was observed in the growth rate of F. proliferatum between two pH-values. F. proliferatum cultured under both pH conditions infected banana fruit successfully, and smaller lesion diameter was presented on banana fruit inoculated with pH 10-cultured fungi. Proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to investigate the changes in secretome of this fungus between pH 5 and 10. A total of 39 differential spots were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Compared to pH 5 condition, proteins related to cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) and proteolysis were significantly down-regulated at pH 10, while proteins related to oxidation-reduction process and transport were significantly up-regulated under pH 10 condition. Our results suggested that the downregulation of CWDEs and other virulence proteins in the pH 10-cultured F. proliferatum severely decreased its pathogenicity, compared to pH 5-cultured fungi. However, the alkaline environment did not cause a complete loss of the pathogenic ability of F. proliferatum, probably due to the upregulation of the oxidation-reduction related proteins at pH 10, which may partially compensate its pathogenic ability.
Highlights
Fusarium proliferatum is a polyphagous fungus with a broad host range and is often isolated from several agriculturally important crops, including wheat (Palacios et al, 2015), banana (Li et al, 2012), citrus (Amby et al, 2015), etc
It seemed that weak alkaline environment decreased the pathogenicity slightly, small difference between pH 10 and pH 5 was observed in the pathogenicity of F. proliferatum
The effect of different pH values on the secretome of F. proliferatum was analyzed based on 2-DE
Summary
Fusarium proliferatum is a polyphagous fungus with a broad host range and is often isolated from several agriculturally important crops, including wheat (Palacios et al, 2015), banana (Li et al, 2012), citrus (Amby et al, 2015), etc. Proteomics Investigation on Pathogenic Mechanisms of Fusarium proliferatum. Ambient pH is an important environmental factor, which could influence the survival, proliferation, and pathogenicity of microorganism. Weak alkaline environment can significantly inhibit the growth of fungi and their infection to plants (Prusky and Yakoby, 2003). The ambient pH has the critical role in determining the transcriptional levels of many genes, affecting growth, physiology, and differentiation processes (Lamb et al, 2001). Numerous researches were conducted to investigate the pH signal transduction and relationship between the pH regulation and fungal pathogenicity (Penalva et al, 2008). Transcription factor PacC appears to be necessary for the appropriate regulation of physiological processes Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Rollins, 2003). Pac is reported to regulate Tri gene expression and trichothecene production in Fusarium graminearum (Merhej et al, 2011). The regulatory mechanism is still not clearly understood, and little information was available on the effect of pH on the secretome of Fusarium
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