Application of principal component analysis for the estimation of source of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir

Abstract

The concentrations of metals, loss of ignition and nutrient (N, P) were determined in the bottom sediments of the Rybnik Reservoir (southern Poland). The mean concentrations of the metals in the bottom sediments were: Cd 25.8 μg/g, Cu 451.7 μg/g, Zn 1583.4 μg/g, Ni 71.1 μg/g, Pb 118.6 μg/g, Cr 129.8 μg/g, Fe 38 782 μg/g and Mn 2018.7 μg/g. The bottom sediments are very heavily loaded with zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, phosphorus and lead (percentage enrichment factor), and cadmium, phosphorus and zinc (index of geoaccumulation). The increase of cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc concentrations was connected with the inflow of the contaminated water of the river Ruda and long-range transport. The contamination of the reservoir with copper and manganese resulted mainly from atmospheric precipitation. The variability of the bottom sediment loading with metals during the investigations was affected in the first place by changes in the concentration of iron, but also those elements whose concentrations in the bottom sediment were elevated compared to the concentrations in shale––cadmium, nickel and lead.