Application of Poultry Manure Influences Thompson Seedless Grape Production and Soil Properties

Abstract

Abstract Raw and composted poultry manure application rates of 0, 4.5, and 9.0 t·ha–1 in a ‘Thompson Seedless’ grape (Vitis vinifera S.) vineyard on a Ramona sandy loam (Typic Haploxeralfs) were studied for 3 years (1984–1986). Manure was side-dressed on both sides of vine rows and incorporated in the top 0.1 m of soil in November each year. Petioles of the recently matured leaves at bloom, veraison, and maturity were taken (1985–1986) for NO3-N, P, and K determination. Soil samples to 0.3 m depth were taken in 1986 to evaluate soil properties. Fruit yield and quality increased over the control with manure applications. The response to the 4.5 and 9.0 t·ha–1 rates was similar. In 1985 and 1986 berry yield increased 26% and 61%, respectively, over the control. Berry size (1986), cluster numbers per vine (1985–1986), and cluster weight (1986) increased with applied manure. Raisin quality in 1986 improved linearly (r = 0.93) with manure rates. Petiole NO3-N (1984–1986), P, and K contents (1986) increased with applied manure over the control. Soil pH decreased with the 9.0 t·ha–1 rate. Soil available P, exchangeable K, NO3-N, and organic matter content and water infiltration rate increased with manure application. Manure at 4.5 t·ha–1 was as effective as 9.0 t·ha–1 in increasing fruit yield and quality. Manure type was not a significant factor.