Abstract
Abstract. In the last two decades, the increasing number of electronic devices used in day-to-day life led to a growing interest in the study of the electromagnetic field interaction with biological tissues. The design of medical devices and wireless communication devices such as mobile phones benefits a lot from the bio-electromagnetic simulations in which digital human models are used. The digital human models currently available have an upright position which limits the research activities in realistic scenarios, where postured human bodies must be considered. For this reason, a software application called "BodyFlex for CST STUDIO SUITE" was developed. In its current version, this application can deform the voxel-based human model named HUGO (Dipp GmbH, 2010) to allow the generation of common postures that people use in normal life, ensuring the continuity of tissues and conserving the mass to an acceptable level. This paper describes the enhancement of the "BodyFlex" application, which is related to the movements of the forearm and the wrist of a digital human model. One of the electromagnetic applications in which the forearm and the wrist movement of a voxel based human model has a significant meaning is the measurement of the specific absorption rate (SAR) when a model is exposed to a radio frequency electromagnetic field produced by a mobile phone. Current SAR measurements of the exposure from mobile phones are performed with the SAM (Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin) phantom which is filled with a dispersive but homogeneous material. We are interested what happens with the SAR values if a realistic inhomogeneous human model is used. To this aim, two human models, a homogeneous and an inhomogeneous one, in two simulation scenarios are used, in order to examine and observe the differences in the results for the SAR values.
Highlights
Bioelectromagnetics as an interdisciplinary science that investigates the interaction between the biological systems and the electromagnetic fields offers new and important opportunities for development of medical devices for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes
In the new version of the “BodyFlex” application, as tion technique (FFD) for 3-D solid geometric models defor- shown in Fig. 1 right, the free form deformation technique (FFD) control lattices in which the mation introduced by Sederberg and Perry (1986) and the forearm and the wrist are embedded for deformation have a marching cubes (MC) algorithm introduced by Lorensen and Cline (1987) allow the generation of different positions6 for rotated starting position
In order to analyse the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in the human body resulting from an exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, simulations were performed with the commercial software CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST AG, 2012) on two models: a homogenous one (SAM) and the realistic HUGO model
Summary
Bioelectromagnetics as an interdisciplinary science that investigates the interaction between the biological systems and the electromagnetic fields offers new and important opportunities for development of medical devices for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. The FFD control lattices are aligned by Gao (2011) can generate common postures that people use to the global coordinate system axes, while the forearm has a in normal life, by deforming the voxel-based human model tilted position in the original HUGO model. In the new version of the “BodyFlex” application, as tion technique (FFD) for 3-D solid geometric models defor- shown in Fig. 1 right, the FFD control lattices in which the mation introduced by Sederberg and Perry (1986) and the forearm and the wrist are embedded for deformation have a marching cubes (MC) algorithm introduced by Lorensen and Cline (1987) allow the generation of different positions for rotated starting position. 4 5 FFig.ig2.uSrAeM2(.oSn tAheMleft(soidne)tahndeHleUfGtOs(iodnet)hearnigdht HsidUe)GmoOdel(sounsedthfoer sriimguhlattiosnisd.e) models used for simulations be obtained by solving the Eq (2): x2 x1 − a len x−1
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