Abstract
Presently, there is a high paucity of bone grafts in the United States and worldwide. Regenerating bone is of prime concern due to the current demand of bone grafts and the increasing number of diseases causing bone loss. Autogenous bone is the present gold standard of bone regeneration. However, disadvantages like donor site morbidity and its decreased availability limit its use. Even allografts and synthetic grafting materials have their own limitations. As certain specific stem cells can be directed to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs), it makes stem cells the ideal agents for bone regeneration. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. This review provides in-depth knowledge regarding the use of stem cells and PRP in vitro, in vivo and their application in clinical studies in the future.
Highlights
Regenerating the lost bone is of primary concern in diseases and conditions involving bone loss, such as periodontitis, tumors, fractures, and bony defects.[1]
The reason can be attributed to the fact that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is abundant in the bone growth factors (GFs), these factors are released almost immediately when implanted into the body with the overall exhaustion of the factors occurring within twenty-four hours
The beads and capsules can be allowed to incorporate a combination of PRP and GFs that may be able to increase the osteogenic differentiation of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
Summary
Regenerating the lost bone is of primary concern in diseases and conditions involving bone loss, such as periodontitis, tumors, fractures, and bony defects.[1]. The use of PRP in bone regeneration and cartilage formation have long been implicated.[168] Marx had proposed the first protocol for the isolation of PRP using calcium and thrombin.[29] Additional protocols have been proposed ever since which differ in the pathway of platelet activation and leukocyte concentration.[120] It has been noted that the absence of leukocytes may prevent the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which might increase the inflammation during wound healing decreasing and interfering with the mechanism of bone growth.
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