Abstract
Application of plasma oxidation for removal of pharmaceuticals in urine was assessed and compared to a traditional advanced oxidation process.
Highlights
Studies on urine separation have typically examined decentralized, small- to medium-scale technologies for urine processing that represent a paradigm shift away from using solely large-scale, centralized wastewater treatment.[8,9,10,11] Hybrid approaches that merge centralized and decentralized or building-scale systems that include urine separation and processing have been proposed as a viable option for future, sustainable urban living.[12]
We treated the same set of pharmaceuticals with our experimental plasma reactor and measured observed rate constants ranging from 4.95 × 10−4 to 1.46 × 10−3 s−1 (Fig. 1)
Our results are consistent with those of Singh et al who evaluated degradation pathways for diclofenac, carbamazepine, and ciprofloxacin in a pulsed corona discharge plasma reactor and found the most prominent mechanism for mineralization was by electrophilic addition of hydroxyl radicals.[48]
Summary
Studies on urine separation have typically examined decentralized, small- to medium-scale technologies for urine processing that represent a paradigm shift away from using solely large-scale, centralized wastewater treatment.[8,9,10,11] Hybrid approaches that merge centralized and decentralized or building-scale systems that include urine separation and processing have been proposed as a viable option for future, sustainable urban living.[12] the use of urine separation and fertilizer production via community-scale systems to create a circular nutrient economy in high income countries has been demonstrated in Brattleboro, Vermont U.
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