Abstract
Among all of the internal fabric and external enclosure components of buildings, sloped roofs and adjacent attics are often the most dynamic areas. Roofs are exposed to high temperature fluctuations and intense solar radiation that are subject to seasonal changes in climatic conditions. Following the currently rising interests in demand-side management, building energy dynamics, and the thermal response characteristics of building components, this paper contains unpublished results from past studies that focused on innovative roof and attic configurations. The authors share unique design strategies that yield significant reduction of daytime roof peak temperatures, thermal-load shavings, and up to a ten-hour shift of the peak load period. Furthermore, advance configurations of the roofs and attics that are discussed in this paper enable over 90% reductions in roof-generated peak-hour cooling loads and sometimes close to 50% reductions in overall roof-generated cooling loads as compared with traditionally constructed roofs with the same or similar levels of thermal insulation. It is expected that the proposed new roof design schemes could support the effective management of dynamic energy demand in future buildings.
Highlights
It is well known that the dynamic thermal performance of building structural components, interior fabric, and enclosure significantly influence whole-building energy consumption, dynamic thermal response of a building, and peak energy demands
To illustrate the vast potential of thermally massive envelopes using latent heat storage, in energy conservation and power demand control, this paper discusses an assortment of advanced designs of roofs and attics that utilize phase change materials (PCMs) and conventional thermal mass for short-term energy storage and control of roof-generated dynamic thermal loads
Considering that peak load shift generated by roof-deckroof-deck-installed dynamic thermal disconnect systems indicates that they can notably reduce the maximum temperature affecting the attics below, i.e., the lower the peak thermal excitation reaching the attic, the higher the load reduction rate and the longer the time shift generated by the PCM-enhanced attic floor thermal insulation
Summary
It is well known that the dynamic thermal performance of building structural components, interior fabric, and enclosure significantly influence whole-building energy consumption, dynamic thermal response of a building, and peak energy demands. It has been observed that building components that store heat generated by solar radiation could reduce space conditioning energy consumption and resulted in a shift and reduction in peak-hour energy consumption. The hut’s load peak was shifted three hours in the solar irradiance, in the test hut with the heat flow across the envelope was dramatically thermal break (microchannel board) and reflective surface (cool roof shingles) to control building reduced as compared with the other hut. To illustrate the vast potential of thermally massive envelopes using latent heat storage, in energy conservation and power demand control, this paper discusses an assortment of advanced designs of roofs and attics that utilize PCMs and conventional thermal mass for short-term energy storage and control of roof-generated dynamic thermal loads
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