Abstract
The green development theory proposed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has promoted the harmonious development of the economy, society, and environment in many countries, in particular, it has provided a good option for the coordinative development of economic growth, resource utilization, and ecological protection in rural areas of developing countries. For this reason, we used the OECD model to measure green development in arid, rural areas of China, and also subjective and objective weighting methods to measure the rural green development level of 78 county-level regions in Shaanxi province in 2018. At the same time, the least square error (LSE) method was used to determine the contribution rate of government support, environmental pressure, resource endowment, and quality of life, so as to determine the influencing factors of rural green development in Shaanxi. The results show that the levels of rural green development in Shaanxi province differed internally: the level of green development in the north was strong, moderate in the southwest and northwest, and weak in the center and south. The driving types of rural green development in Shaanxi province are divided into five types: Three Factors I, Three Factors II, Four Factors I, Four Factors II, and Five Factors; the influencing factors of rural green development are varied from county to county. In terms of different regions, different development approaches and countermeasures are proposed respectively. This research provides scientific guidance for local government to formulate green agricultural development policies and to overcome the development difficulties in rural areas.
Highlights
Since 1949, the Chinese government has focused on rural development and striving for the harmonious development of rural society, the economy, and the environment
According to the methods mentioned above, on the basis of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) evaluation system [8,9], combining ecological degradation, environmental pollution, resource depletion, human settlement degradation, and other problems faced by rural areas in Shaanxi province, and taking the actual development situation of rural areas in Shaanxi province as the starting point, we established an evaluation index system for rural green development in Shaanxi province in 2018, which was constructed from the five dimensions (Table 1)
The results showed that significant internal differences exist in the rural green development level in Shaanxi province, and green development is spatially agglomerated in regions, where the north is stronger, the southwest is moderate, the northwest is moderate, and the middle and the south are the worst (Figure 2)
Summary
Since 1949, the Chinese government has focused on rural development and striving for the harmonious development of rural society, the economy, and the environment. For the western regions, especially the western rural areas that are usually accompanied by the most backward economic development and fragile ecological environment, it is more urgent to discover an evaluation model suitable for rural green development [16,31–33] This can enrich the existing research content and provide decision-makers with different scales of policy recommendations and more comprehensive policy reference, as well as understand the real data and situation from which problems can be identified. To identify the factors that most affect green development in rural areas in China and explore solutions to the problems of rural development, on the basis of the OECD green framework model, we calculated the green-development level of 78 counties in Shaanxi in 2018 and obtained the evaluation scores for five dimensions: social economy, environmental pressure, resource endowment, quality of life, and government support. The purpose of the research was to reveal the problems with and spatial-distribution characteristics of rural green development in Shaanxi and to provide a theoretical reference for the formulation of rural development strategies
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