Abstract
The rate, time and method of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application are strongly related to growth, development, and yield of the crop. This study principally focuses on the role of the nitrogen in growth, development, and production of the maize, emphasizing time and methods of fertilizer application and their suitable rates. The review shows that crop yield increases up to certain limit and declines if applied in an excess amount of nitrogen. Nitrogen affects various physiological and biochemical processes in plant cells that ultimately affect the growth and development of the plant. Nitrogen response by maize differs due to growth stages, environment and genotype of maize. Hybrid and improved maize varieties are more nitrogen-responsive than local varieties of maize. Proper nitrogen applications as basal doses at planting stage, split doses at critical growth stages namely knee high, and flowering stages are necessary for higher grain yield. This review serves as a useful tool to maize researchers and growers for making the right decision on nitrogen application on maize.
Highlights
La tasa, tiempo y método de aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados (N) están fuertemente relacionados con el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo
The level of nitrogen in the grain increases, it is used in later growth stages (Sankaran and Subbiah Mudaliar, 1997)
Maximum grain and better biomass yield observed after the application of Nitrogen @ 80 kg/ha in two split doses ; half part applied at sowing as basal and remaining half during knee-high stage as side dress respectively
Summary
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important crop worldwide following rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The use of nitrogen fertilizers results in higher biomass and protein yield and increases the concentration of protein in the plant tissue. The nitrogen affects various physiological and biochemical processes in plant cells and, affects growth and development (Brady, 1990). Alkaloids, nucleic acids, coenzymes, Porphyrins, nitrogen is the main ingredient. The protoplast of plant cells contains mainly nitrogen. It plays an essential role in the growth and proper development of the plant. On the contrary, when optimum levels of nitrogen are used, higher yields are produced due to the larger leaf area and the proper growth of the plant. In addition to its function in the creation of green tissue, nitrogen plays a very important role in the development of the ear and kernel. Studies on nitrogen translocation in the plant showed that nitrogen appears to move from other plant tissues to the ear before silking, apparently in the case of the nitrogen-intense process of kernel embryo formation (Ciampitti and Vyn, 2010)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
