Application of nitrogen-doped carbon particles modified electrode for electrochemical determination of tetrazepam as muscle relaxant drug

Abstract

The objective of this work was to create a modified carbon paste electrode (N-CNP/CPE) with nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles for electrochemically detecting tetrazepam (TZ) as a muscle relaxant in samples of human blood serum. N-CNP was created using a microwave-assisted process, and N-CNP was applied to the CPE surface using an electrodeposition technique. N atoms were effectively doped within the carbon framework of CNP/CPE, according to the results of morphology and structure characterization using FE-SEM, XRD, and EDS analyses. Additionally, abundant and evenly distributed pores and a spherical structure of N-CNP were electrodeposited on the CPE surface. The electrochemical analyses' findings show that the N-CNP/CPE TZ sensor is sensitive and selective, with a broad linear range of 0–650 µg/mL and a sensitivity value of 0.29478 µA/µg.mL−1. The proposed TZ sensor's limit of detection was discovered to be a low value of 5 ng/mL, which was a relatively low value of LOD and a broad linear range compared to other TZ sensors. Results indicated acceptable recovery values (more than 98.53%) and appropriate precision (RSD less than 5.08%), as well as good agreement between the DPV measurements and ELISA technique, for the determination of TZ in prepared samples of blood serum from bodybuilding athletes. These results show that the TZ content of blood samples from athletes may be monitored using the N-CNP/CPE as a trustworthy TZ sensor.