Abstract
Greenhouse gas concentrations are increasing over the past few decades, creating the need to measure their concentration with high accuracy, including for determining their trends, sources, and sinks. In this regard, various methods of regional and global control are being developed. One of the measuring methods is passive satellite method, but they allow for you to get data mainly during the day and outside the poles of the Earth. Another method is active lidar; they require the consideration of various aspects that are related to the technical characteristics of the lidar and methods for solving inverse problems. This article discusses the possibility of using lidars for sensing carbon dioxide from space (orbit 450 km) and from a height of 10 km and 23 km, which presumably corresponds to the aircrafts and balloons. As a method of solving the inverse problem, the method of fully connected neural networks with three layers and pre-training of first layer is considered, allowing for the application of additional data, including the IPDA (Integrated Path Differential Absorption) signal, the scattered DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar) signal, temperature, and pressure profiles. These estimates show the possibility of measuring the average concentration from an orbit height of 450 km with an error of 0.16%, a resolution of 60 km, with a 50 mJ laser pulse energy, and 1 m diameter telescope. It is also shown that it is possible to obtain the concentration profile, including the near-surface concentration with an error of 2 ppm.
Highlights
In recent years, the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere have drastically increased
Serious efforts of the global scientific society are directed both at the measurement of the concentration of greenhouse gases and at the determination of sources of these gases
All of the existing passive methods for the determination of the concentration of greenhouse gases conduct open-path integral measurements and mostly operate in daytime. This includes OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory), which operates as a part of the so-called afternoon train
Summary
The concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere have drastically increased. Serious efforts of the global scientific society are directed both at the measurement of the concentration of greenhouse gases and at the determination of sources of these gases. In parallel with the widely used passive measurement systems, the development of active lidar systems, in particular, spaceborne ones is planned [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. All of the existing passive methods for the determination of the concentration of greenhouse gases conduct open-path integral measurements and mostly operate in daytime. This includes OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory), which operates as a part of the so-called afternoon train. Numerical calculations that are conducted by different research teams for possible spaceborne lidar systems provide, on average, comparable results
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
