Abstract
In this paper, an application of negative curvature hollow core fiber (NCHCF) in an all-fiber, multiphoton fluorescence sensor setup is presented. The dispersion parameter (D) of this fiber does not exceed the value of 5 ps/nm × km across the optical spectrum of (680–750) nm, making it well suited for the purpose of multiphoton excitation of biological fluorophores. Employing 1.5 m of this fiber in a simple, all-fiber sensor setup allows us to perform multiphoton experiments without any dispersion compensation methods. Multiphoton excitation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) with this fiber shows a 6- and 9-fold increase, respectively, in the total fluorescence signal collected when compared with the commercial solution in the form of a hollow-core photonic band gap fiber (HCPBF). To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first time an NCHCF was used in an optical-fiber sensor setup for multiphoton fluorescence experiments.
Highlights
Multiphoton microscopy, first presented by Webb et al [1], has become a standard imaging procedure for many laboratories, as it allows for greater imaging depths and reduced biological phototoxicity when compared to single-photon methods
In this first and only ones to present the potential of this type of fiber setup forfor thethe purpose of paper, we present an an application applicationof ofNCHCF
It was our goal to show that combining good dispersion parameters and proper excitation wavelength can lead to significantly better fluorescence yields when compared with solutions employing only one of the latter, i.e., fibers transmitting ultrashort pulses with no temporal broadening, but away from the optimal excitation wavelength, or the other way—proper excitation wavelength is at the cost of temporal pulse broadening
Summary
Multiphoton microscopy, first presented by Webb et al [1], has become a standard imaging procedure for many laboratories, as it allows for greater imaging depths and reduced biological phototoxicity when compared to single-photon methods. Ultrashort, high-energy laser pulses are essential for efficient induction of the NLOP, and the transmission of such pulses through optical fibers is problematic because of the pulse’s temporal broadening due to the dispersion This problem can be addressed in two ways—either by using dispersion compensation systems [7,8,9] or by using hollow-core, photonic bandgap fibers (HCPBF’s) [10], or both [11]. Negative curvature hollow-core fibers (NCHCF) are a relatively new type of microstructured hollow-core fibers, guiding the light in their air-filled core. —increase a large increase in fluorescence intensityintensity was observed when using theusing as the excitation fiber. fiber
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