Abstract
Refractive state can be regarded as a dynam-ic quantity. Multiple measurements of refractive state can be determined easily and rapidly on a number of different occasions using an autore-fractor. In an experimental trial undertaken by Gillan, a 30-year-old female was subjected to 30 autorefractor measurements each taken at vari-ous intervals before and after the instillation of Mydriacyl 1% (tropicamide) into her right eye. The purpose of this paper is to apply multivar-iate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to Gillan’s sample data in order to assess whether instillation of Mydriacyl into the eye affects variability of distance refractive state as well as mean distance refractive state as measured by an autorefractor. In five of the seven cases where pairwise hypotheses tests were performed, it is con-cluded that at a 99% level of confidence there is no difference in variability of distance refrac-tive state before and after cycloplegia. In two of the three cases where MANOVA was applied, there is a significant difference at a 95% and at a 99% level of confidence in both variability of distance refractive state and mean distance refractive state with and without cycloplegia.
Highlights
The optometrist engaged in research investigates anything that has to do with vision.Different types of refractive variation have been found when measuring refractive state using an autorefractor
This paper applies multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to sample data[1] in order to investigate whether the instillation of a cycloplegic into the right eye of a 30-year-old female subject would affect the variability of her distance refractive state as well as her mean distance refractive state as measured by an autorefractor
For example 1, hypotheses tests BB2 and BB3 show a significant difference at both levels of significance
Summary
The optometrist engaged in research investigates anything that has to do with vision. This paper applies multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to sample data[1] in order to investigate whether the instillation of a cycloplegic into the right eye of a 30-year-old female subject would affect the variability of her distance refractive state as well as her mean distance refractive state as measured by an autorefractor. Example 1: Variance-covariances – testing the data from Table 1. Application of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to distance refractive variability and mean distance refractive state. Example 2: Variance-covariances – testing the data from Table 1 using MANOVA. Hypotheses tests are performed at a 5% and at a 1% level of significance.
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