Abstract
Owing to its sensitivity to solute–solvent interactions, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has proved to be an invaluable tool for the study of solvation shells around dissolved species, mainly metal ions, and to detect the presence of aggregates in homogeneous or microheterogeneous solutions. Such structures are extremely labile, and the NMR methodology used to detect them is highly dependent on their mean lifetime and on the magnetic properties of the solution i.e., whether it is dia- or paramegnetic. Structural and dynamic information can be obtained from nuclear parameters and NMR patterns of nuclei from either the solvent or the solute. Examples of investigations are given using, mainly, solvates of metal ions with organophosphorus non-ionic ligands (alkyl phosphates, phosphonates, mono or β-diphosphoramides) and a variety of resonant nuclei, mainly 31P and 1H, but also 13C, 27Al, 9Be, 71Ga, 63Cu and 65Cu, 113Cd, 67Zn, 35Cl, 17O, 15N. Some possibilities for practical applications are outlined from a few typical examples: liquid–liquid extraction of uranyl ions, titration of rare earths in solutions, solubility of oxygen in fluorocarbons, micellization in non-aqueous solvents.
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