Application of Modified Karapandzic Flaps in Large Lower Lip Defect Reconstruction

Abstract

Reconstruction of a lower lip defect with a Karapandzic flap often leads to greater rounding of the commissure. The aim of this study was to provide a new design of bilateral Karapandzic flap for large lower lip defect reconstruction. In this case-series retrospective study, a modification of the Karapandzic lip reconstruction technique was used with an additional incision to obtain more tissue. The esthetic outcome of the reconstruction was assessed using a 4-point scale with regard to the shape of the commissure, lip symmetry, appearance of the scar, and lip projection. Functional outcome was assessed by speech, preservation of oral competence, lip sensation, facial expression, diet, and denture usage. Seventeen patients (13 male, 4 female; age range, 52 to 82yr) with squamous cell carcinoma in the lower lip underwent single-stage lip reconstruction. Lip defects after tumor resection ranged from 50 to 90% of the lower lips. All patients achieved oral competence, without leading to greater rounding of the commissure. The esthetic outcome was considered good to excellent in 88% of cases and reconstruction did not lead to functional impairments in speech, oral competence, lip sensation, facial expression, diet, or denture usage. The modified bilateral Karapandzic flap is a reliable technique to reconstruct large lip defects without leading to rounding of the commissure. With this technique, good esthetic and functional outcomes can be achieved.