Abstract
Natural disasters can lead to large-scale power outages, affecting critical infrastructure and causing social and economic damages. These events are exacerbated by climate change, which increases their frequency and magnitude. Improving power grid resilience can help mitigate the damages caused by these events. Mobile energy storage systems, classified as truck-mounted or towable battery storage systems, have recently been considered to enhance distribution grid resilience by providing localized support to critical loads during an outage. Compared to stationary batteries and other energy storage systems, their mobility provides operational flexibility to support geographically dispersed loads across an outage area. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of academic literature on mobile energy storage for power system resilience enhancement. As mobile energy storage is often coupled with mobile emergency generators or electric buses, those technologies are also considered in the review. Allocation of these resources for power grid resilience enhancement requires modeling of both the transportation system constraints and the power grid operational constraints. These aspects are discussed, along with a discussion on the cost–benefit analysis of mobile energy resources. The paper concludes by presenting research gaps, associated challenges, and potential future directions to address these challenges.
Highlights
Accepted: 2 October 2021Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, blizzards, thunderstorms, wildfires, and earthquakes can cause widespread and costly power outages that adversely impact society and the economy
mobile energy resources (MERs) are integrated into service restoration strategies in tandem with network reconfiguration (NR) and the formation of multiple microgrids (MGs), distributed renewable energy generation (DG), and/or demand response programs (DR)
Research suggests that customer outage costs may compound throughout a long-duration outage, so it is important for resilience analysis to consider how Value of lost load (VoLL) changes with time [16,59]
Summary
Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, blizzards, thunderstorms, wildfires, and earthquakes can cause widespread and costly power outages that adversely impact society and the economy. Mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) have recently been considered as an operational resilience enhancement strategy to provide localized emergency power during an outage. Unlike conventional emergency response equipment such as diesel generators, MESSs can operate both during normal conditions and during emergency events During normal operation, they can provide valuable grid services and capabilities including load leveling, peak shaving, spatiotemporal energy arbitrage, reactive power support, renewable energy integration, and transmission deferral. During normal operation, a MESS could support an overloaded substation in the summer months, and move to provide ancillary services in another location once demand drops This avoids creating stranded assets and saves money compared to multiple stationary energy storage systems [8].
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