Application of mixed-mode, solid-phase extraction in environmental and clinical chemistry: Combining hydrogen-bonding, cation-exchange and Van der Waals interactions

Abstract

Silica- and styrene-divinylbenzene-based mixed-mode resins that contain C 8, C 18 and sulphonated cation-exchange groups were compared for their efficiency in isolation of neutral triazine compounds from water and of the basic drug, benzoylecgonine, from urine. The triazine compounds were isolated by a combination of Van der Waals and hydrogen-bonding interactions, and benzoylecgonine was isolated by Van der Waals interactions and cation exchange. All analytes were eluted with a polar organic solvent containing 2% ammonium hydroxide. Larger recoveries (95%) were achieved on copolymerized mixed-mode resins where C 18 and sulfonic acid are in closer proximity than on “blended” mixed-mode resins (60–70% recovery).