Abstract
This article presents the results of research of studying the effect of mineral fertilizers on soil moisture and the growth and development of forest seedlings when creating forest crops on the western slope of the Western Tien-Shan. It was established by experience that forest seedlings react differently to the action of mineral fertilizers. In pine, an increase in the fertilizer dose contributes to an increase in the growth of seedlings in height by 1.2 times. English oak, on the contrary, reacts weakly to the effects of fertilizers. Korolkov’s hawthorn reacts intensively to the effects of fertilizers. At the same time, an increased dose of fertilizers contributes to an increase in the annual growth of plants by 3.2 times. The Sievers apple tree differed from other species with intensive growth in all variants of the experiment on the western slopes during the growing season. But in this breed, an increase in the dose of fertilizers caused an increase in annual growth up to 1.5 times compared with the control variant. Mineral fertilizers do not contribute to significant moisture retention in the upper soil layer during the summer vegetation season, but in the lower root-inhabited layers of fertilizer, it has a positive effect in increasing soil moisture above the wilting moisture, which is 8%, and is often observed in the upper horizons.
Highlights
The importance of forests in the foothill and mountainous areas of the republic is enormous
The creation of forest crops with planting material with a closed root system is recognized in many foreign countries, such as Germany, Australia, Switzerland, Finland, France and in recent years Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
Option 2: -planting, as in the first option, but an artificial soil structure former was added to the soil, which the plant was sealed with during planting - a linear colloid powder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is capable of absorbing moisture in large quantities and keeping it from physical evaporation, saving for the nutrition of seedlings, in the amount of 0.02% of the mass of the soil, with which the planting hole is filled; Option 3: - planting was executed in such a way that the whole plant is in a hole, where the root collar is 20 cm below the soil surface and the root system falls into deeper and, more humid soil horizons
Summary
The importance of forests in the foothill and mountainous areas of the republic is enormous. In Finland, the proportion of planting seedlings in containers reaches 86% from the area of creation of new forests, Sweden - 67%, Canada more than 50%, Norway - 48%, Poland - more than 20%, Russia - about 5%, Lithuania 3% [13] This technology is distinguished by many advantages during the entire frost-free period and a good transfer of post-sedimentary depression [14]. We initially set ourselves the goal of developing a technology for growing seedlings of coniferous and deciduous species in containers in greenhouse conditions, with the subsequent creation of forest crops from them on arid mountain slopes. In the year of the creation of the experimental forest cultures, more than 840 mm of precipitation fell, but in the summer, the most intense period, only 29 mm fell, which did not play any positive role, since they had damped only the soil surface and immediately evaporated. The moisture content of the upper soil horizons dropped below the wilting moisture
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