Abstract
Five different swine populations in Sri Lanka including Village pigs, wild boar and exotic breeds such as Large White, Landrace and Duroc were selected for this genetic study. Fifteen microsatellite markers recommended by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and ISAG (International Society of Animal Genetics) were employed to analyze genetic distance among different swine populations. A total of 120 samples of pigs were collected from various locations in Sri Lanka where village pigs and wild boar could be found. The MICROSAT and PHYLIP computer packages were used to estimate the allelic frequency and construct the phylogenetic tree. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using Neighbor-joining approach with 1000 bootstrap values, The results of the study revealed that 138 alleles were found at 15 loci screened across five swine populations Among them 11 were polymorphic and rest were monomorphic. The polymorphic alleles ranged between 2-4 alleles per locus. The genetic distance between village pig and wild boar (0.091) was closer than between Large White (0.261), Landrace (0.241) and Duroc (0.268). According to the dendogram the village pig and wild boar populations clearly diverged front exotic breeds. In the phylogenetic tree, high distances observed were separating exotic pig populations from the other two populations of village pigs and wild boar. Further, the village pigs and wild boar clustered separately. Based on these findings it is proposed that the village pigs and wild boars may be recognized as distinct population for breeding or conservation purpose. AGRIEAST 2010 (9) p.6-10
Highlights
Several DNA-based tcchnologies to type the polymorphic loci have beett developeil in the last traits, paternitytesting and i'dividual identificatio' for sel'ective breedin!
Single Strand Conformational Folynrorplrism (SSCp),DenaturingGradientGelElectrophoresis ntakcs tltetn attractive as genetic tlarkcrs (Goldstein and Shlotterer, 7999)' The allelic
In Sri Lanka there is no planned breeding program for these pigs and as a result the indigenous pig population is decreasing gradually. This is mainly due to lack of attention in their improvement ar-rd the swine industry is mainly oriented towards the exotic germplasm leaving behind the most valuable genetic resource exist within the ind igenous pigs
Summary
Several DNA-based tcchnologies to type the polymorphic loci have beett developeil in the last traits, paternitytesting and i'dividual identificatio' for sel'ective breedin! In Sri Lanka there is no planned breeding program for these pigs and as a result the indigenous pig population is decreasing gradually This is mainly due to lack of attention in their improvement ar-rd the swine industry is mainly oriented towards the exotic germplasm leaving behind the most valuable genetic resource exist within the ind igenous pigs. The present breeds of.:,domesticated pigs (Sas domesticus) are originated from two wild ancestors such as Sus scrofa (wild boar) and ,Szs vittatus (wild pig) Their genetic diversity has provided the material fqr the very sLlccessful pig breeding and improvement programs of the in developed world 19th and 20th century. These wild ancestors represent a unique resource respond to the present and future needs of swine production both irr developed and developing '.
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