Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as ideal entry points to the deregulated pathways in osteoporosis due to their relatively simple upstream and downstream relationships with other molecules in the signaling cascades. Our study aimed to give a comprehensive review of the already identified miRNAs in osteoporosis from human blood samples and provide useful information for their clinical application. A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted in the Pubmed database from inception to December 2020. We set two essential inclusion criteria: human blood sampling and design of controlled studies. We sorted the results of analysis on human blood samples according to the study settings and compiled the most promising miRNAs with analyzed diagnostic values. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo evidence for the mechanisms of the identified miRNAs was also illustrated. Based on both diagnostic value and evidence of mechanism from in vitro and in vivo experiments, miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-300, miR-155-5p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-637 were preferred candidates in diagnostic panels and as therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to build sound foundations for the clinical usage of miRNAs in osteoporosis.
Highlights
Osteoporosis affects more than ten million Americans over age 50, leading to an estimated two million incident fractures and a total cost of $19 billion per year in theU.S [1,2]
Studies were included if the following criteria were met: (1) clinical trials that examined miRNA in the field of osteoporosis; (2) a study population with at least a group of osteoporotic patients and a group of controls, without restriction to gender; (3) diagnosis of osteoporosis confirmed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or clinical low-impact fracture; (4) collected samples with at least human blood samples
We demonstrated the miRNAs from the involvement in imsignaling pathways to transcriptional regulators, and the promotive or inhibitive effects on portant signaling pathways to transcriptional regulators, and the promotive or inhibitive osteoblastogenesis were described after every single miRNA
Summary
Osteoporosis affects more than ten million Americans over age 50, leading to an estimated two million incident fractures and a total cost of $19 billion per year in the. As more and more researchers are devoted to studying miRNAs in osteoporosis, evidence from in vitro, in vivo experiments and clinical trials is getting abundant. Reviews on this topic published in recent years started to focus on specific issues rather than giving a general description on the function of miRNAs. For, instance, a meta-analysis published in 2019 examined the miRNAs as potential biomarkers for postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, and a recent review described the strength and weakness in practical usage of miRNAs [3,12]. Sci. 2021, 22, 5232 of the above miRNAs, to the evidence that confirms the pathways in animal models, our study aims to target the miRNAs with top priorities for further clinical studies or usage
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