Abstract
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has been widely utilized as a tool for developing new biological and phenotypic functions to explore strain improvement for microalgal production. Specifically, ALE has been utilized to evolve strains to better adapt to defined conditions. It has become a new solution to improve the performance of strains in microalgae biotechnology. This review mainly summarizes the key results from recent microalgal ALE studies in industrial production. ALE designed for improving cell growth rate, product yield, environmental tolerance and wastewater treatment is discussed to exploit microalgae in various applications. Further development of ALE is proposed, to provide theoretical support for producing the high value-added products from microalgal production.
Highlights
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) refers to obtaining the expected biological evolution under given laboratory conditions
ALE is the process of implementing the "rules" of natural evolution for specific populations in the laboratory under controlled conditions, exerting pressure on them to obtain the required characteristics until the new strains with favorable mutations are developed [1]
To better utilize and control microalgal biomass and product yield, microalgae are suitable for ALE research with their advantages of fast growth rate, short generation time, easy to control in different cultivation systems and convenience preservation
Summary
Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) refers to obtaining the expected biological evolution under given laboratory conditions. The improvement of microalgal strains is one of the major applications of ALE in microalgae (Figure 1) It can exert pressure on the process of microalgae growth and metabolism through batch or continuous culture, to make microalgae constantly adapt to the new environment, and evolve towards the beneficial mutation, including high biomass concentration and product yield. ALE with the above advantages, has been initially developed mainly for bacterial and fungal models, allowing cells containing beneficial random gene mutations to reproduce more rapidly under environmental stress When this strategy is applied to microalgae, it is mainly used to improve the growth rate, product yield, stress tolerance and the ability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater [7].
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