Abstract
Two typical brominated flame retardants (BFRs), namely, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), were persistent organic pollutants widely detected in various environmental media. This study aimed to successfully synthesize micro-nano-structured magnetite particles (MNMPs) with surface modification by citric acid molecules. The synthesized composites served as an adsorbent for extracting TBBPA and HBCD from environmental water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The obtained MNMPs were characterized in terms of crystal structure, morphology, size distribution, hydrophobic and hydrophilic performance and magnetism. The results indicated that the MNMPs exhibited high surface area, good dispersibility, and strong magnetic responsiveness for separation. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were optimized, including sample pH, amount of sorbents, extraction time and desorption conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the recovery was 83.5 and 107.1%, limit of detection was 0.13 and 0.35μg/mL (S/N = 3), and limit of quantification was 0.37 and 0.59 μg/mL (S/N = 10) for TBBPA and HBCD respectively. The relative standard deviations obtained using the proposed method were less than 8.7%, indicating that the MNMP magnetic solid-phase extraction method had advantages of simplicity, good sensitivity and high efficiency for the extraction of the two BFRs from environmental water.
Highlights
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are adjuvants, that can reduce the combustion performance of flammable materials
x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the diffraction peaks surrounding at 2θ = 30.2 ̊, 35.3 ̊, 43.7 ̊, 53.9 ̊, 57.1 ̊, and 62.7 ̊ had good agreement with Fe3O4 (Reference code 01089-3854); they belonged to the cubic structure system, corresponding to (220), (311), (400), (422), (511), and (440) facets of Fe3O4 [21]
The elements present in micro-nanostructured magnetite particles (MNMPs) were 31.15% O, 59.90% Fe and 8.95% C, suggesting thatMNMPs were successfully functionalized with NaCit 2H2O
Summary
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are adjuvants, that can reduce the combustion performance of flammable materials. Because BFRs contain the element bromine having good heat tolerance, excellent flame retardant performance, low price and other advantages, they are widely used in plastics, textiles, and electronic and electrical equipment [1]. Micro-nanostructured magnetite applied in separating tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecane
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