Application of mesenchymal stem cells in severe acute experimental pancreatitis

Abstract

Background. The significance of the problem of acute pancreatitis is due to an increase in the incidence with an increase in the number of common forms of pancreatic necrosis, accompanied by a high incidence of severe complications.Aim. To determine the effect of regional application of mesenchymal stromal cells on the systemic manifestations of severe acute experimental pancreatitis.Material and methods. This experimental study was carried out on 42 adults Wistar rats. Acute pancreatitis was induced by administering 0.3 ml of 5% solution of non-ionic polyethylene glycol octylphenol ether detergent into the caudal part of the pancreas. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group I (n=6) consisting of intact animals, Group II (control group) (n=12) of rats with untreated pancreatitis, Group III (n=12) of rats with pancreatitis treated: anesthesia + infusions of 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline), and Group IV (n=12) of rats with pancreatitis treated: anesthesia + infusions of saline + regional application of mesenchymal stromal cells. Animals were taken out of the experiment by euthanasia on the 3rd and 7th day. The hematological parameters, markers of systemic manifestation of the pathological process (pancreatic amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, creatinine), markers of endogenous intoxication (lipid peroxidation activity, nitric oxide level), markers of systemic inflammatory response (C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6) have been evaluated.Results. The application of mesenchymal stromal cells in the early stages of acute pancreatitis made a favourable effect on the platelet count, the level of glycemia, helped to reduce the content of endogenous intoxication elements (malonic dialdehyde, nitric oxide) and of those of the systemic inflammatory response (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein), which are key links in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis.Conclusion. Comparison of different treatment regimens for acute experimental pancreatitis has shown that the early use of mesenchymal stromal cells has a systemic positive effect and confirms the therapeutic efficacy of the method in the treatment of this disease.