Abstract
This paper shows the use of membrane filters in adsorption of solution of tetracycline hydrochloride on graphene materials. The adsorption process was monitored at different wavelengths, different pH values at certain time intervals. The absorbances of the solutions were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at two wavelengths (275 nm and 356 nm), and three pH values (pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10) every 90 minutes for 6 hours of monitoring, with constant stirring in an ultrasonic bath. The results showed decrease in absorbance at both wavelength and in all three pH values which proved the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on GO and rGO. The largest decrease in absorbance was 98.1%. The most suitable pH value for adsorption was pH 4. This paper used a unique approach to filtration through membrane filters, which in the future could lead to the development of membrane filters based on graphene materials.
Highlights
Due to its strong valence and flexibility, carbon has a large number of allotropic modifications, such as graphite, diamond, fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc
The spectrum of tetracycline hydrochloride was obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometry which gave insight about the absorption maxima, which were used in further analysis (Figure 2)
The first originates from deformations in the structure of the graphene layer, and it is located at about 1350 cm-1 (D band), the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
Summary
Due to its strong valence and flexibility, carbon has a large number of allotropic modifications, such as graphite, diamond, fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes, etc. Graphite is the first known carbon allotrope, and it represents a structure composed of several two-dimensional layers of sp hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. Each of the individual layers in the graphite structure represents graphene (Du et al 2013). Graphene is an allotropic modification of carbon. It is a single layer of densely packed carbon atoms connected into a honeycomb-shaped hexagonal structure, with a bond length between carbon atoms of 0.142 nm (Figure 1). Graphene is the thinnest known carbon allotrope, and it has a very large theoretical specific surface area (≈2630 m2 g-1) (Zheng et al 2015). Compared to GO, rGO contains less oxygen functional groups and a higher percentage of defects
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