Abstract
The results of a cooperative research program between the United States and the Soviet Union in a project entitled “The Protection and Management of Water Quality in Lakes and Estuaries” suggest that mathematical modeling is a necessary scientific tool for understanding and managing large aquatic ecosystems. The study was undertaken as a part of the work under the auspices of the bilateral exchange between the two nations, the US-USSR Joint Agreement on Environmental Protection. The complexity of models for large aquatic ecosystems has been increasing in recent years. In many cases, these complex models are built from a series of submodels that are useful in their own right. Such an approach has been used for modeling Lake Baikal (USSR), Saginaw Bay (USA), and the Sea of Azov (USSR). Overall, the cooperative US-USSR modeling efforts of these systems undertaken in this project have been productive.
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