Abstract
Since its first introduction approximately 10 years ago, there has been extensive progress in the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Contrast-enhanced MRI has been shown to have value in the diagnostic work-up of women who present with mammogram or clinical abnormalities. In addition, it has been demonstrated that MRI can detect mammogram occult multifocal cancer in patients who present with unifocal disease. Advances in risk stratification and limitations in mammography have stimulated interest in the use of MRI to screen high-risk women for cancer. Several studies of MRI high-risk screening are ongoing. Preliminary results are encouraging.
Highlights
It is estimated that approximately one in nine women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime
The ability of mammography screening to reduce breast cancer mortality rates was demonstrated by several studies performed in the US and Europe [3,4,5]
It is generally accepted that careful screening with mammography will reduce the breast cancer mortality rate in a given population
Summary
It is estimated that approximately one in nine women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. It is generally accepted that a combination of architectural and kinetic features should be used for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions The use of these features in a diagnostic population will have performance similar to that described in the model reported by Nunes et al [23]. In a study reported by Orel et al [29], MRI detected the primary lesion in 85% of women who presented with positive axillary nodes, and negative mammography and clinical examinations. MRI detected all nine cancers; this included five cancers that were occult to mammography + ultrasound These results, very preliminary, clearly demonstrate great potential for MRI in increasing the yield of screening high-risk women
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