Abstract
Crude oil has been one of the most important natural resources since 1856, which was the first time a world refinery was constructed. However, the problem associated with trapped oil in the reservoir is a global concern. Consequently, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is a modern technique used to improve oil productivity that is being intensively studied. Nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited exceptional outcomes when applied in various sectors including oil and gas industries. The harshness of the reservoir situations disturbs the effective transformations of the NPs in which the particles tend to agglomerate and consequently leads to the discrimination of the NPs and their being trapped in the rock pores of the reservoir. Hence, Electromagnetic-Assisted nanofluids are very consequential in supporting the effective performance of the nanoflooding process. Several studies have shown considerable incremental oil recovery factors by employing magnetic and dielectric NPs assisted by electromagnetic radiation. This is attributed to the fact that the injected nanofluids absorb energy disaffected from the EM source, which changes the fluid mobility by creating disruptions within the fluid’s interface and allowing trapped oil to be released. This paper attempts to review the experimental work conducted via electromagnetic activation of magnetic and dielectric nanofluids for EOR and to analyze the effect of EM-assisted nanofluids on parameters such as sweeping efficiency, Interfacial tension, and wettability alteration. The current study is very significant in providing a comprehensive analysis and review of the role played by EM-assisted nanofluids to improve laboratory experiments as one of the substantial prerequisites in optimizing the process of the field application for EOR in the future.
Highlights
It has been projected that the world’s energy consumption will increase to 50% above the current level by the year 2050 [1]
These ferrite NPs have not been extensively studied for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) application despite the satisfactory outcome and more experiments are required via different nano flooding methods by using different reservoir rocks, and to test whether the ability of the particles on interfacial tension (IFT), wettability, and viscosity is significant
Zinc oxide nanofluid flooding and surfactant flooding (SDBS) were carried out ; the results have shown that the particle sizes of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) NPs were reported to have improved
Summary
It has been projected that the world’s energy consumption will increase to 50% above the current level by the year 2050 [1]. Adding NPs into various fluids-based materials was found to have recovered more oil [15,34] This is accredited to the fact that the injected NPs in a reservoir in the forms of nanofluids was observed to have altered some reservoir properties which in turn improved EOR; such factors include mobility ratio improvements, rock wettability alteration, improving quality of the injecting fluid, viscosity change of the injecting fluid, improvement for the interactions between rock surface and oil, conductivity and specific heat improvement, density change with regards to the injecting fluid, and emulsification improvement [17,35,36,37,38]. EOR and possible ways that are preferable and worthy of recommendations to improve in the future time will be addressed
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