Application of liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in blood plasma

Abstract

This study investigated the feasibility of applying liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to determine polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood plasma. An efficient and simple extraction technique has been developed for the enrichment of PCBs from human blood plasma samples using single-step liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in conjunction with a hollow fibre membrane (HFM). An eight PCB congener mixture was spiked into 2.5 ml of blood plasma, and the solution was then adjusted to pH 10.5 with a salinity of 20% (w/v) prior to making the total volume to 5 ml with ultrapure water. The porous HFM, filled with 3 μl of organic solvent, was then immersed into the solution, which was continuously agitated at 700 rpm for 30 min. Extract (1 μl) containing the pre-concentrated analytes was then injected into a GC–MS without further pre-treatment. Using an optimised extraction procedure, a large enrichment factor of the analytes, i.e. up to 241-fold was achieved in 30 min. The procedure resulted in a relative standard deviation of <11% ( n=6), and a linear calibration range from 2.5 to 150 μg/l ( r>0.999), and detection limits between 0.07 and 0.94 μg/l, respectively. To demonstrate the feasibility of the procedure, PCB concentrations were determined in actual blood samples collected from the local population in Singapore using the optimised LPME technique.