Abstract
Considering that generally frequency instability problems occur due to abrupt variations in load demand growth and power variations generated by different renewable energy sources (RESs), the application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) may become crucial due to its rapid response features. In this paper, liquid hydrogen with SMES (LIQHYSMES) is proposed to play a role in the future energy internet in terms of its combination of the SMES and the liquid hydrogen storage unit, which can help to overcome the capacity limit and high investment cost disadvantages of SMES. The generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm is presented to be appreciatively used to eliminate the frequency deviations of the isolated micro energy grid including the LIQHYSMES and RESs. A benchmark micro energy grid with distributed generators (DGs), electrical vehicle (EV) stations, smart loads and a LIQHYSMES unit is modeled in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the proposed GPC strategy can reschedule the active power output of each component to maintain the stability of the grid. In addition, in order to improve the performance of the SMES, a detailed optimization design of the superconducting coil is conducted, and the optimized SMES unit can offer better technical advantages in damping the frequency fluctuations.
Highlights
The increasing number of renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed generators (DGs) has become a serious challenge for the stability and reliability of the electric power system, because of the fluctuation of power supply needed to meet the demand [1,2]
When controlled by and are independent of each other, which means the two can be regarded as a by and are independent of each other, which means the two can be regarded as a common parallel controlled by power conversion & control Unit (PCC) and are independent of each other, which means the two can be regarded as a the frequency deviation is positive, the storage unit utilizes the electrolyser for consumption of common parallel system in frequency the
W is the fluctuation network including with load frequency controller for is constructed as shown in is the load disturbance, is the fluctuation of the wind power energy network with frequency controller for LFC is constructed as generation, and H t including is theLinertia constant of theload micro energy internet
Summary
The increasing number of renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed generators (DGs) has become a serious challenge for the stability and reliability of the electric power system, because of the fluctuation of power supply needed to meet the demand [1,2]. A new coordinated LFC controller based on the GPC algorithm is proposed for the equivalent model of the micro energy grid with LIQHYSMES. To suppress the fluctuation rapidly, the PCC will control the SMES unit to charge or discharge depending on the supply and demand imbalance of the system, in which condition the energy is stored and released by means of electric energy. The core thecontrary, energy internet in the future is the electric power system, with the hydrogen stored in the liquid hydrogen tank is vaporized and supplied to the gas turbine (GT), fuel natural gas network, transportation network and thermal network to form a comprehensive network. The isolated micro energy grid on the other hand needs to control the components coordinately to system to maintain stable operation. The equivalent model for LFC of the isolated micro energy grid is constructed
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