Application of life cycle assessment in measuring the environmental impact of waste cooking oil utilization for biodiesel - a review

Abstract

Utilizing waste cooking oil for fuel is one of the steps to reduce the uncontrolled environmental impact due to the disposal of waste cooking oil into water bodies and onto the ground. Utilization as fuel will contribute to achieving net zero emissions and reducing global warming as the primary target. With increasing attention to the environment, the extent to which the process of making waste cooking oil impacts the environment has also been widely discussed. Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology as a strong tool to assess the environmental impact, many previous studies have carried out the environmental impact concerning waste cooking oil utilization for biodiesel. This paper reviews previous research from around the world in the 2008-2023 period related to the environmental impact assessment of using LCA in manufacturing waste cooking oil for biodiesel. The review results are divided into scope and technology used, manufacturing raw materials, research locations, functional units, system boundaries (cradle to grave, gate to gate, and gate to grave), software used, midpoint impact assessment, impact assessment method, and impact category.