Application of Kaolin and Italian Natural Chabasite-Rich Zeolitite to Mitigate the Effect of Global Warming in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese

Gabriele Valentini,Gianluca Allegro,Enrico Muzzi,Ilaria Filippetti,Leonardo Seghetti,Chiara Pastore

doi:10.3390/agronomy11061035

Gabriele Valentini, Gianluca Allegro + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061035

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Abstract

High temperatures and the anomalous distribution of rainfall during the growing season may have a negative impact on grapevine yield and berry composition. In recent years, many studies have focused on the application of agronomical techniques to reduce the negative impact of heat waves on secondary metabolites such as phenols. In particular, treatments with kaolin have shown positive effects on reducing canopy temperatures, enhancing the accumulation of anthocyanins. In regard to the above, three treatments were evaluated: untreated control (C), kaolin (CAO), and chabasite-rich zeolitites (ZEO) applications on cv. Sangiovese in order to verify the cooling effects on leaves and bunches, and the impact on gas exchange, yield parameters, berry composition, and on both chemical and sensory notes of wine. Minerals were sprayed twice around the veraison on the entire canopy at a 3% concentration. The results showed that the application of the minerals was able to reduce the berry temperatures in both years of the trial as compared to the untreated control (C), without affecting vine gas exchange, yield, and soluble solid accumulation. Furthermore, the cooling effect determined an increase in anthocyanin on both the grapes and the wine. At testing, CAO and ZEO wines stood out regarding greater color intensity and were preferred by the judges.

Highlights

According to the latest OIV (International Organization of Vine and Wine) report [1], Italy was rated as the major world wine producer with 58.5 million hectoliters, and Sangiovese represented Italy’s top variety, the only one whose cultivation exceeded 50,000 hectares [2]
Orlandini et al [3] found a positive relationship between the recent thermopluviometric regime and the quality of Brunello di Montalcino wine, it is known that global warming could have a negative impact on the vine cultivation, yield, and composition of both grapes and wine [4]
In the authors’ experience, only a few studies regarding clay particles have reported effects on the sensory attributes of wines [19,31,71] and, surprisingly, this study is the first involving the natural zeolitite. The use of both kaolin and chabasite-rich zeolitite appeared to be a promising strategy in abiotic stress alleviation for implementation in grapevines with moderate berry anthocyanin concentrations, such as Sangiovese cv

Summary

Introduction

According to the latest OIV (International Organization of Vine and Wine) report [1], Italy was rated as the major world wine producer with 58.5 million hectoliters, and Sangiovese represented Italy’s top variety, the only one whose cultivation exceeded 50,000 hectares [2]. Orlandini et al [3] found a positive relationship between the recent thermopluviometric regime and the quality of Brunello di Montalcino wine, it is known that global warming could have a negative impact on the vine cultivation, yield, and composition of both grapes and wine [4]. It is well-known that Sangiovese berries have a low concentration of anthocyanins in their skin and have a composition mainly characterized by glycosylated anthocyanins [5]. The role of peroxidases in the anthocyanin catabolism appears to be crucial in a global warming scenario

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Conclusion