Abstract
In the present study, to demonstrate use of combined isotopic and salinity mapping in understanding local scale groundwater-surface water conditions the water samples were collected from 4 nos. of defined lakes (Kadaba, Belavatta, Pura and Nittur); groundwater samples were collected from shallow hand pumps/tube wells along the periphery of the lakes. The rain samples were also collected. The lake water appears to get enriched in its isotopic composition mainly due to evaporation in this region. Lake water salinities are lower compared to nearby groundwater salinity. The flow of groundwater, recharged at Nittur lake, continues to its downstream at least till Pura. Increase in salinity of groundwater is seen between the points Pura-groundwater & surface water (may be due to dissolution of sub-surface soil). The groundwater sampled at Belavatta is found to be recharged from local precipitation and not from surface body. The water body (Kadaba) is getting filled mainly due to precipitation and to some extent due to runoff from the upper reach of water body. There is a strong link between lake water–groundwater (e.g. site Pura) and groundwater–lake water (e.g. Site Kadaba). Therefore, this procedure is expected to radically increase the accountability of usage and help in planning of suitable ground water supply and would provide a holistic approach to promote maximum agricultural output and industrial growth.
Highlights
It is apparent that development of either of land and water resources affects the quantity and quality of the other as surface water and groundwater interactions take many forms and can cause changes in quality of each other
The lake water appears to get enriched in its isotopic composition mainly due to evaporation in this region
Lake water salinities are lower compared to nearby groundwater salinity
Summary
It is apparent that development of either of land and water resources affects the quantity and quality of the other as surface water and groundwater interactions take many forms and can cause changes in quality of each other. Effective land and water management requires a clear understanding of the linkages between groundwater and surface water and isotopes can be potential tool for this. The isotopic ratios of lake water are, generally similar to those of river water flowing into the lake. If the rate of evaporation is considerable, roughly more than a few percent of the outflow, the modification becomes significant, and the isotopic ratios of lake water are generally heightened. In such case, rate of changes in d18O is
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