Abstract
Technological applications of nuclear science and technology in different sectors have proved their reliabilities and sustainability over decades. These applications have supported various human civilization needs, ranging from power generation to industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Environmental applications of radiation sources are used to support decision making processes in many fields; including the detection and analysis of pollutant transport, water resources management, and treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. This work reviewed recent advances in the research and applications of ionizing radiation in treating different wastewater effluents. The main objective of the work is to highlight the role of ionizing radiation technology in the treatment of complex wastewater effluents generated from various human activities and to address its sustainability. Results of both laboratory and industrial scale applications of this treatment technology have been reviewed, and information on operational safety of industrial irradiators, which affect the sustainability of this technology, has been summarized.
Highlights
Providing clean water and sanitation is one of the sustainable development goals that were proposed by the United Nation (UN)
The results revealed that UV efficiency was affected by the seasonal variation in the wastewater composition, whereas ionizing radiation efficiency was respectively unaffected by this factor
The review of ionizing radiation technology in decomposing bio-refractory organic contaminants and disinfecting different wastewater effluents were presented in this study
Summary
Providing clean water and sanitation is one of the sustainable development goals that were proposed by the United Nation (UN). In the tertiary stage of treatment, the effluents from the secondary stage are polished by removing persistence organic containments and heavy metals using advanced wastewater treatment technologies [3,4,7]. These technologies include filtration, sorption, gas stripping, ion-exchange, advanced oxidation processes (AOP), and distillation [7]. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reported that there is a need to continue research in this area to increase the general awareness of these processes in the environmental engineering community [22] This awareness could be achieved by presenting integrated reviews on the advances in ionizing radiation applications in industrial effluents treatment from technical, operational safety, and economical aspects. Knowledge gaps will be identified and research areas that need to be addressed will be highlighted
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