Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), known as environmentally benign “green” solvents, were developed as an optimal solvent for the green extraction and separation field. In this paper, an ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (IL-UAE) of flavonoids (FVs) from bamboo leaves of Phyllostachys heterocycla was developed for the first time. First, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim] Br), with the best extraction efficiency, was selected from fifteen ionic liquids with diverse structure, like carbon chains or anions. Then, the influencing parameters of ionic liquid (IL) concentration, liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic time, and ultrasonic power, were investigated by single factor tests, and further optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). In the optimization experiment, the best conditions were 1.5 mol/L [BMIM]Br aqueous solution, liquid-solid ratio 41 mL/g, ultrasonic time 90 min, and ultrasonic power 300 W. Furthermore, the microstructures of bamboo leaves and the recovery of FVs and [BMIM]Br were also studied. Therefore, this simple, green and effective IL-UAE method has potentiality for the extraction of FVs from bamboo leaves for the large-scale operations.
Highlights
Bamboo, a tropical and subtropical plant, which belongs to the Gramineae family and Bambuseae subfamily, has high edible and economic value
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed on an e2695 separation system, including a quaternary pump, an autosampler and a column oven; FVs in bamboo leaves were were utilized in the extraction were on determined an e2695 separation analyzed by an Waters
Results recovery of total FVs and ionic liquidsIt(ILs) with organic solvents toTable be much higherof than other reference extraction methods
Summary
A tropical and subtropical plant, which belongs to the Gramineae family and Bambuseae subfamily, has high edible and economic value. Rhodiola rosea by on-line [29]; Wei and his coworkers used [BMIM]BF4 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) solution to perform ultrasound-assisted extraction of FVs from different parts of Lysimachia clethroides Duby [30]; More recently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim]BF4 ) was selected as the extraction solvent for the orientin and vitexin extraction [31]. All, it demonstrated that ionic liquids are promising new alternative solvents to conventional solvents in extraction process areas. Vitexin (3), isovitexin (4), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Bmim] Br) (B)
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