Abstract
The paper provides a concise overview of ion beam analysis methods and procedures in studies of materials exposed to fusion plasmas in controlled fusion devices with magnetic confinement. An impact of erosion–deposition processes on the morphology of wall materials is presented. In particular, results for deuterium analyses are discussed. Underlying physics, advantages and limitations of methods are addressed. The role of wall diagnostics in studies of material migration and fuel retention is explained. A brief note on research and handling of radioactive and beryllium-contaminated materials is also given.
Highlights
The ultimate goal of research in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion of light nuclei is to construct and operate an energy-generating system for sustainable electricity production
This applies to all confinement concepts considered for a fusion reactor: (a) inertial confinement based on the irradiation of a pellet with hydrogen isotopes by intense photon or ion beams; (b) plasma confined by strong magnetic field of the order a few tesla in devices called tokamaks
They are modified by a set of processes known as plasma–material interactions (PMI) or plasma–wall interactions (PWI) [3,11,12,13]
Summary
The ultimate goal of research in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion of light nuclei is to construct and operate an energy-generating system for sustainable electricity production. The development involves a broad range of scientific and engineering challenges arising from the fact that, under terrestrial conditions, thermonuclear fuel must be surrounded by walls of a vacuum vessel This applies to all confinement concepts considered for a fusion reactor: (a) inertial confinement based on the irradiation of a pellet with hydrogen isotopes by intense photon (laser) or ion beams; (b) plasma confined by strong magnetic field of the order a few tesla in devices called tokamaks Neutrons pass PFM and interact with structural and functional materials of the reactor wall Their energy is to be deposited in the lithium-containing blanket. The role of neutrons and a neutron-induced effects have been described elsewhere [9,10]
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