Application of Intraoperative Computed Tomography With or Without Navigation System in Surgical Correction of Spinal Deformity

Abstract

A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing spinal deformity correction surgery by the assistance of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) with or without navigation system. To share our preliminary experience and analysis of the iCT navigation system applied to spinal deformity surgery. The iCT navigation system has been shown to improve accuracy and safety in posterior instrumentation. It not only decreased the operation time but also prevented excessive radiation exposure to the medical staff. To date, there are only few reports about the application of the iCT navigation system in spinal deformity surgery. From April 2009 to September 2010, 59 patients who had a diagnosis of scoliosis, kyphosis, or scoliokyphosis and underwent iCT-assisted surgical correction were included. Without randomization, 28 patients were operated with the iCT-navigation system, and the other 31 patients were operated with standard procedure under iCT assistance. The detailed procedures, preoperative and intraoperative images were illustrated. The accuracy of screw placement, time for screw insertion, postoperative correction rate, and iCT scanning data were analyzed. There were significant differences between 2 groups in (1) the preoperative Cobb angle (76.2° and 62.6° in the navigation and non-navigation groups), (2) the accuracy and the revision rate of thoracic pedicle screws and total pedicle screws, and (3) the average screw insertion time. The breach rate and the revision rate of thoracic pedicle screws and total pedicle screws were significantly lower and the average screw insertion time was significantly lesser in the navigation group than in the non-navigation group. There were no statistically significant difference in (1) the breach rate and the revision rate of lumbar pedicle screws, (2) the mean iCT scanning time and time-out, (3) the mean number of fusion segments, (4) the mean number of iCT scans, and (5) the postoperative correction rate. Complications were encountered in 2 patients in the non-navigation group but none in the navigation group. There was no reoperation due to implant malposition in both groups. The iCT navigation system provides desirable accuracy of posterior spinal instrumentation for patients during surgical correction of spinal deformity without radiation exposure to the medical staff, especially in thoracic spine instrumentation. Meanwhile, the iCT in itself is an effective means of assessing complex instrumentation of the spinal deformity.