Abstract
Polynuclear redox conducting mixed-valent inorganic materials, such as sol-gel processed nanostructured nickel(II) hexacyanoferrate(II,III), have been utilized as redox mediators (charge relays) in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The systems' granules are likely to penetrate pores of the dye-modified TiO2. An important issue is that the formal potential of nickel(II) hexacyanoferrate(II,III) is more positive (>300 mV) relative to the commonly used iodide/triiodide couple. With the same dye-modified TiO2 used, the above property led to the larger potential output of DSSC. The proposed redox-conducting inorganic materials is in a mixed-valent state in which iron(II) and iron(III) sites are at the 1:1 ratio, and the concentration gradients are maximized. Consequently, the system is characterized by fast dynamics of electron transfers. Since the structures are hydrated, they are also good ionic (K+) conductors. An important feature is high physicochemical stability of such inorganic polynuclear electroactive materials.
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