Abstract
Using materials from recycling is a key part of decreasing present-day waste. It is optimal for recycled material to be used in environmental protection. This paper presents the application of geotextile ropes in erosion protection of a slope of a gravel pit. To protect the slope, thick ropes with a diameter of 120 mm made from wool and a mixture of recycled natural and synthetic fibers were used. After 47 months from installation, soil and rope specimens were taken from the slope parts with inclinations 1:1 and 1:1.8, and their physical and mechanical properties were determined. Direct shear tests were applied to determine the soil shear strength parameters in state at sampling and at Ic = 0 (unconsolidated and consolidated). Based on the obtained soil shear strength parameters, the loads on the ropes were determined, taking into account also unfavorable hydraulic conditions and compared to rope strength. It was shown that even after 47 months from installation, rope tension strength was higher as tension forces were induced in the ropes in every case. At present, whole slopes in protected sections are stabilized, without rills and gullies.
Highlights
The current system for producing, distributing, and using clothing operates in an almost completely linear way
The embankment erected from overburden material mined during mine operation coupled with the steep slope cut in native ground was especially unstable and endangered by local sliding [17]
1+ 1, 6ε where Trp is the tension force in the reinforcement, WT is the vertical loading acting on the reinforcement between two adjacent piles caps, s is the distance between the adjacent pile (m), a is the size of the pile cap (m), and ε is the strain in the reinforcement (-), which were calculated based on the real rope length and distances s
Summary
The current system for producing, distributing, and using clothing operates in an almost completely linear way. Large amounts of nonrenewable resources are extracted to produce clothes that are often used for only a short period, after which the materials are largely lost to landfill or incineration. The actual mean annual soil erosion rate EA for the slope parts with ropes in all three locations was 0.65, 0.62, and 0.96 t·ha−1·year−1, respectively, classifying these slope parts into class 1—no erosion. The actual mean annual soil erosion rate EA for the slope parts without ropes in all three locations was 14.21, 13.56, and 21.06 t·ha−1·year−1, respectively, classifying these slope parts into class 4—average erosion. The potential mean annual soil erosion rate EP for the slope parts without ropes in all three locations was 64.59, 61.62, and 95.73 t·ha−1·year−1, respectively, classifying these slope parts into class 5— strong erosion. The shortcomings of previous analyses were eliminated and the effectiveness of geotextile ropes in slope stabilization was confirmed
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