Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies globally. It not only has a hidden onset but also progresses rapidly. Most HCC patients are already in the advanced stage of cancer when they are diagnosed, and have even lost the opportunity for surgical treatment. As an inflammation-related tumor, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HCC can promote immune tolerance through a variety of mechanisms. Immunotherapy can activate tumor-specific immune responses, which brings a new hope for the treatment of HCC. At the present time, main immunotherapy strategies of HCC include immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and so on. This article reviews the application and research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy in the treatment of HCC.
Highlights
Primary liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors, and its main pathological type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
When immune checkpoints bind to the ligands on the surface of tumor cells, the inhibitory signals transmitted from tumor cells can inhibit the activation and proliferation of T cells
A phase II clinical trial showed that 20 patients with diagnosed advanced HCC were treated with Tremelimumab, objective response rate (ORR) was 17%, disease remission rate (DCR) was 76.4%, and median progress free survival (PFS) was 6.48 months [48]
Summary
Reviewed by: Yona Keisari, Tel Aviv University, Israel Tiziana Schioppa, University of Brescia, Italy. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies globally. It has a hidden onset and progresses rapidly. Most HCC patients are already in the advanced stage of cancer when they are diagnosed, and have even lost the opportunity for surgical treatment. Immunotherapy can activate tumor-specific immune responses, which brings a new hope for the treatment of HCC. Main immunotherapy strategies of HCC include immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and so on. This article reviews the application and research progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy in the treatment of HCC
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