Abstract
Brain cancer is a malignant tumor, characterized by abnormal growth of cells in the brain. The high mortality rate and poor prognosis of brain cancer make it become a notable cancer type. Statistics demonstrate that the incidence of brain cancer is still increasing, hence, studies on immunotherapy of brain cancer, one of the most common and vital therapies in treating cancer, becomes important. This review mainly introduces three kinds of immunotherapy, including vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Even though these treatments share similar basic mechanisms, taking advantage of host immune system, they are different in the way of evoking immune response. Both vaccines and CAR-T utilize the binding between pathogenic substance and immune cell, while the ICIs rely on the release of immune suppression. Most of the immunotherapeutic strategies have shown great efficiency, and the corresponding side effects also exist, which still need to be explored, like the inefficiency caused by the complex tumor microenvironment and the off-target issue risen by the scarcity of tumor-specific antigens. Therefore, novel combinations of different therapies and designs of research may be the new trends of the immunotherapy for brain cancer.
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