Abstract
During the spring and summer of 2005, an outbreak of camelpox was spread in the province of Hama and Duma city. Therefore, this study was designed to detect camelpox virus in Vero cell culture and paraffin tissue section by immunohistochemistry. Skin samples (pustules, vesicles and scabs) from infected camels were collected from Duma and Hama. Monoclonal antibody (mouse anti-camelpox IgG) and labeled secondary antibody (rabbit anti-mouse IgG HRP) were used to demonstrate camelpox virus. Camelpox virus was localized in the cytopathic effects in cell culture (syncytia and round cells) and inclusion bodies in the dermal and epidermal cell of the skin. The present study shows that immunohistochemistry is a sensitive diagnostic technique to detect the infection in skin samples with sensitivity of 98% and reflects its effectiveness and accuracy in camelpox infection diagnosis.
Highlights
Camel pox infection can be diagnosed by clinical symptoms in combination with immunohistochemistry
We have reported the sequencing of the amplicons and subsequent data analysis resulted in identification of the hemagglutinin open reading frame (ORF) which accounted for 948 bp
The HA ORF was compared to sequences of other orthopoxviruses published in GeneBank
Summary
Camel husbandry in Syria constitutes less than 5% from the total animal husbandry and poorly supported. The Ministry of Agriculture had established 4 governmental stations in the past 25 years for camel husbandry and breeding. The disease is characterised by fever, enlarged lymph nodes and skin lesions (Wernery et al, 1997 and 1999). Camelpox is existed since many years ago in many countries in which camel husbandry is practiced such as Middle East countries and Africa. There is no report or study which indicates the present of camelpox disease in Syria clinically or in the directorate of animal health laboratories. During the summer and Autumn of the year 2005 private sector farmers reported unknown disease with high mortality and morbidity and huge economic lost in their farms. For virus isolation the specimens were kept frozen at -85o whereas the rest of specimens were fixed for 24hrs in 10% (v/v) neutral phosphate buffered formalin pH (7.0) for histological tissue
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